The average age range for the development of diabetes mellitus in dogs is four to 14 years, with the majority of cases occurring at seven to nine years of age. Although males do develop diabetes, females dogs are twice as likely to be affected by the disease. A genetic disposition towards diabetes is suspected in breeds including the Keeshond, pulik, cairn terrier, and miniature pinscher. In addition, dachshunds, miniature schnauzers, poodles, and beagles also are frequently diagnosed with the disease. However, any dog can develop diabetes mellitus.
Characterized by high concentrations of glucose in the blood and urine, diabetes mellitus is one of the more common hormonal disorders of the dog, and the disease almost always requires lifelong insulin treatment. In addition, chronic high glucose in the blood and urine can cause severe complications including infections, cataracts, diabetic ketoacidosis, nervous system disorders, pancreatitis, and kidney disease. If left untreated, diabetic dogs will suffer from complications and an early death.
Diabetic dogs are treated with insulin injections, dietary modification and exercise. Some people with diabetes can use oral hypoglycemic drugs, but these medications typically are not helpful in dogs. In order to regulate their blood glucose levels, diabetic dogs require frequent veterinary office visits in the initial stages of treatment, followed by periodic examinations for proper maintenance thereafter.
Initially, it may be difficult for some owners to give daily insulin injections, but the majority of dog owners find this task to be manageable. With proper treatment and monitoring, many diabetic dogs can enjoy an excellent quality of life.
