Pyometra is a common disease in female dogs. Older, intact female dogs that are one to two months beyond estrus are at high risk for pyometra. Intact females of all ages that receive progesterone or estrogen hormones for estrus synchronization or mismating are also at risk. Spayed animals are rarely affected.
Pyometra, a serious infection of the uterus, is a well-recognized disease of female dogs. Pyometra often results from the animal's own bacteria within the genital tract. Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria identified in pyometra. Whenever levels of the reproductive hormone progesterone rise, the uterine lining becomes susceptible to bacterial infection.
Dogs with pyometra commonly have a vaginal discharge, fever, lethargy, and a loss of appetite. Affected dogs are often dehydrated; some may drink and urinate excessively. Some dogs will appear asymptomatic until after vaginal discharge begins. Others will go into shock. Laboratory tests often show dehydration-related abnormalities of electrolyte balance and kidney function. Changes in the white blood cell count are common. Most patients are diagnosed using history, clinical signs, physical examination, and abdominal x-rays.
Pyometra requires prompt treatment. Antibiotics to fight the infection, and intravenous fluids to correct dehydration-related abnormalities, are routinely administered. Supportive therapy is given to correct other organ system dysfunction and to stabilize the patient. Generally, surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries is the preferred treatment. However, owners of valuable breeding animals may elect an intensive medical approach instead of surgery.
